1/18/2024 0 Comments Extracellular fluid volume excessDetermining osmolality is important because it indicates the body’s water balance. Osmolality is approximately the same in the various body fluid spaces. Osmolality is the test typically performed to evaluate the concentration of plasma and urine. Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration of molecules per weight of water. Osmolarity measures the total milliosmoles per liter of solution, or the concentration of molecules per volume of solution (mOsm/L). Although the terms osmolarity and osmolality are often used interchangeably, they are different measurements. Osmotic pressure is measured in milliosmoles (mOsm) and may be expressed as either fluid osmolarity or fluid osmolality. The higher the concentration, the greater the solution’s pulling, or osmotic pressure. The concentration of the solution determines the strength of the osmotic pull. Whenever dissolved substances are contained in a space with a semipermeable membrane, they can pull water into the space by osmosis. 17-6 Osmosis is the process of water movement through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. However, because 3 to 6 L of fluid is secreted into and reabsorbed from the GI tract every day, loss of this fluid from vomiting or diarrhea can produce serious fluid and electrolyte imbalances.įIG. The fluid in the transcellular spaces totals about 1 L at any given time. About 20% of ECF is in the intravascular space as plasma (3 L in a 70-kg man), and 70% is in the interstitial space (10 L in a 70-kg man). ECF consists of one third of the body water this would amount to about 14 L in a 70-kg man. Transcellular fluids include cerebrospinal fluid fluid in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pleural, synovial, peritoneal, intraocular, and pericardial fluid. The extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of interstitial fluid (the fluid in the spaces between cells), plasma (the liquid part of blood), and transcellular fluid (a very small amount of fluid contained within specialized cavities of the body). Values represent fluid distribution in a young male adult. 17-2 Relative volumes of three body fluids. This chapter describes the (1) normal control of fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance (2) conditions that disrupt homeostasis and resultant manifestations and (3) actions that the health care provider and you can take to prevent fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances and restore homeostasis.įIG. It is important for you to anticipate the potential for alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance associated with certain disorders and medical therapies, recognize the signs and symptoms of imbalances, and intervene with the appropriate action. When correcting dehydration with IV fluids, the patient requires close monitoring to prevent fluid overload. Chemotherapy prescribed to treat the cancer may result in nausea and vomiting and, subsequently, dehydration and acid-base imbalances. For example, a patient with metastatic breast or lung cancer may develop hypercalcemia because of bone destruction from tumor invasion. Many diseases and their treatments can affect fluid and electrolyte balance. The body uses a number of adaptive responses associated with these activities to keep the composition and volume of body fluids and electrolytes within the narrow limits of normal to maintain homeostasis and promote health. 1 Body fluids are in constant motion transporting nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to cells and carrying waste products away from cells. Body fluids and electrolytes play an important role in maintaining homeostasis, the stable internal environment of the body.
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